![]() ![]() These defects are rescued by copper supplementation and are complemented by YS元 cDNA. Failure to deliver copper, but not iron, zinc, or manganese to these structures in the ysl3 CRISPR-Cas9 mutant results in delayed flowering, altered inflorescence architecture, reduced floret fertility, grain size, weight, and protein accumulation. We then show that the Brachypodium yellow stripe-like 3 (YS元) transporter localizes to the phloem, transports copper in frog ( Xenopus laevis) oocytes, and facilitates copper delivery to reproductive organs and grains. We show that copper deficiency alters not only the grain set but also flower development in both wheat and its recognized model, Brachypodium distachyon. Whether copper is involved in these processes, and how it is delivered to the reproductive organs is not well understood. In cereals, grain yield is determined by inflorescence architecture, flower fertility, grain size, and weight. In agricultural soils, deficiency in the micronutrient copper significantly decreases grain yield in wheat ( Triticum aestivum), a globally important crop. Addressing the looming global food security crisis requires the development of high-yielding crops. ![]()
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